C. Ruiz-Puente and D. Jato-Espino (2020)
Analysing a four-company industrial park, this study identifies nine exchanges and twelve synergies, saving over 10 kt of materials, nearly 10 Mm³ of water and 200 kt CO₂e annually, contributing to nine SDGs and fourteen targets.
Industrial Symbiosis Networks: Governance, Implementation, and Sustainability Impacts
This article investigates the development and governance of industrial symbiosis networks, focusing on how collaborative relationships among firms can enhance resource efficiency and sustainability. It examines the processes through which symbiotic exchanges are identified, implemented, and maintained, highlighting the role of coordination mechanisms, policy frameworks, and stakeholder engagement. The study also evaluates the environmental and economic impacts of such networks, demonstrating their potential to reduce waste, optimize resource use, and support circular economy transitions. Challenges related to scalability and long-term viability are also discussed.