Concept and Core Elements of Industrial Symbiosis
A comprehensive framework for understanding and implementing industrial symbiosis as a key strategy for resource efficiency and circular economy development in Europe. Industrial symbiosis is defined as the collaborative use of underutilised resources—such as waste, by-products, energy, water, and materials—by different organisations, enabling these resources to remain in productive use for longer.
The framework identifies core elements necessary for industrial symbiosis, including the recovery and reuse of resources, the availability of information to identify synergies, and favourable business and regulatory conditions. It also emphasises the importance of cross-sector collaboration and innovation in facilitating effective exchanges and creating added value across industrial systems.
Drivers, Approaches and Good Practices for Implementation
The document highlights industrial symbiosis as a driver of economic growth, eco-innovation, and environmental sustainability, contributing to reduced waste, lower emissions, and improved resource security. It is presented as a practical mechanism to support the transition towards a circular economy while generating business opportunities and strengthening regional development.
Four main implementation approaches are identified: self-organised, facilitated, ICT-supported, and strategic or planned. Each approach varies in terms of coordination and stakeholder involvement but shares the objective of enabling resource exchange. The document also outlines key success factors and good practices, such as thorough resource mapping, cross-sector opportunity identification, and the alignment of technical, economic, and regulatory conditions to support sustainable industrial collaboration.