MD. Mainar-Toledo (2025)
Using waste heat from a Swedish pulp mill to heat greenhouses reduces emissions and costs compared to imported tomato production, offering a replicable circular agri-food model.
Industrial Symbiosis and Energy Systems: Pathways to Low-Carbon and Resource-Efficient Industries
This article investigates the role of industrial symbiosis in transforming energy systems toward greater sustainability and decarbonization. It examines how the integration and exchange of energy and material flows—such as waste heat recovery, shared infrastructure, and energy cascading—can improve efficiency and reduce emissions. The study highlights key enabling factors, including technological innovation, policy support, and cross-sector collaboration, while also addressing barriers related to coordination, investment, and system complexity. The findings emphasize the potential of industrial symbiosis to support low-carbon transitions and enhance the resilience of industrial energy systems.