R. Ruggeri et al. (2024)
This IMPEL guidance clarifies when production residues can be classified as by-products under the Waste Framework Directive, provided four legal conditions are met. It discusses assessment challenges, national practices and cross-border shipment implications under the Waste Shipment Regulation. Case studies from Denmark and Spain are included, alongside a practical compliance tool.
By-Product Management and Industrial Symbiosis: Regulatory Challenges and Practical Approaches
This report developed by IMPEL examines the regulatory and practical aspects of by-product management within the context of industrial symbiosis. It focuses on the interpretation and implementation of EU waste legislation, particularly the distinction between waste and by-products, which is a critical factor in enabling resource exchanges between industries. The study analyzes how different regulatory approaches across Member States impact the feasibility of industrial symbiosis initiatives. It highlights key challenges, including legal uncertainty, administrative burdens, and inconsistent application of criteria, which can hinder the valorization of industrial residues. The report also presents best practices and case examples demonstrating how clearer guidelines and coordinated enforcement can facilitate the transition from waste to resource. The findings emphasize the need for harmonized regulatory frameworks and improved cooperation among authorities and stakeholders to support circular economy objectives.